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Visualization of Phytophthora palmivora Infection in Oil Palm Leaflets with Fluorescent Proteins and Cell Viability Markers
Juan C. Ochoa, Mariana Herrera, M?nica Navia, Hern?n Mauricio Romero 한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 13 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2019, 35권 1호 3 19-31 (13 pages)
Bud rot (BR) is the most devastating disease affecting oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) crops in Colombia. Its causal agent, Phytophthora palmivora, initiates the infection in immature oil palm leaflets producing necrotic lesions, followed by colonization of opportunistic necrotrophs, which increases disease damage. To improve the characterization of the disease, we transformed P. palmivora using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) to include the fluorescent proteins CFPSKL... -
The Water-Soluble Chitosan Derivative, N-Methylene Phosphonic Chitosan, Is an Effective Fungicide against the Phytopathogen Fusarium eumartii
Florencia Anabel Mesas, Mar?a Cecilia Terrile, Mar?a Ximena Silveyra, Adriana Zu?iga, Mar?a Susana Rodriguez, Claudia Anah? Casalongu?, Julieta Ren?e Mendieta 한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 10 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2021, 37권 6호 4 533-542 (10 pages)
NMPC has a fungicidal effect on the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii (F. eumartii) judged by the inhibition of F. eumartti mycelial growth and spore germination. NMPC affected fungal membrane per- meability, reactive oxygen species production, and cell death. Also, this chitosan-derivative exerted antifungal effects against two other phytopathogens, Botrytis cine- rea, and Phytophthora infestans. NMPC did not affect tomato cell viability at the same doses applied to these... -
Antagonistic and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects of Bacillus velezensis BS1 Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil in a Pepper Field
Jong-Hwan Shin, Byung-Seoung Park, Hee-Yeong Kim, Kwang-Ho Lee, Kyoung Su Kim 한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 8 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2021, 37권 3호 10 307-314 (8 pages)
present study, we isolated bacterial strains from rhizosphere soil in a pepper field in Gangwon Province, Korea, and assessed their antifungal ability against C. scovillei strain KC05. Among these strains, a strain named BS1 significantly inhibited mycelial growth, appressorium formation, and disease development of C. scovillei. By combined sequence analysis using 16S rRNA and partial gyrA sequences, strain BS1 was identified as Bacillus velezen- sis, a member of the B. subtilis species complex.... -
Field Sanitation and Foliar Application of Streptomyces padanus PMS-702 for the Control of Rice Sheath Blight
Chia-Jung Yang, Tzu-Pi Huang, Jenn-Wen Huang 한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 15 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2021, 37권 1호 5 57-71 (15 pages)
3.07 mg/l inhib- ited 50% mycelial growth, caused leakage of cytoplasm, and inhibited the formation of infection structures of R. solani. Fungichromin could reach to 802 mg/l when S. padanus PMS-702 was cultured in MACC broth for 6 days. Addition of 0.5% S. padanus PMS-702 broth into soil decreased the survival rate of the pathogen compared to the control. Soil amended with 0.5% S. padanus broth and 0.5% tea seed pomace resulted in the death of R. solani mycelia in the infested rice straws, and... -
Hexanal Vapor Induced Resistance against Major Postharvest Pathogens of Banana (Musa acuminata L.)
Durgadevi Dhakshinamoorthy, Srivignesh Sundaresan, Arumukapravin Iyadurai, Kizhaeral Sevathapandian Subramanian, Gnanaguru Janaki Janavi, Gopinathan Paliyath, Jayasankar Subramanian 한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 15 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2020, 36권 2호 3 133-147 (15 pages)
viz., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogens were cultured in vitro and exposed to hexanal vapor at 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 ppm. Mycelial growth of both fungal pathogens were inhibited completely at 800 ppm and the incidence of anthracnose and stem-end rot diseases reduced by 75.2% and 80.2%, respectively. The activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine am- monia-lyase and glucanase had transiently increased in hexanal vapor treated banana by... -
Hydrogen Cyanide Produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 Exhibits Nematicidal Activity against Meloidogyne hapla
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 9 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2018, 34권 1호 4 35-43 (9 pages)
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are parasites that attack many field crops and orchard trees, and affect both the quantity and quality of the products. A root-colonizing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, possesses beneficial traits including strong nematicidal activity. To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the nematicidal activity of P. chlororaphis O6, we constructed two mutants; one lacking hydrogen cyanide production, and a second lacking an insecticidal toxin, FitD.... -
Effect of the Combination Hot Water - Calcium Chloride on the In Vitro Growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the Postharvest Quality of Infected Papaya
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 10 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2017, 33권 6호 5 572-581 (10 pages)
growth of C. gloesporioides conidia and the quality of infected papaya. In vitro, the HW-Ca treated conidia showed reduced mycelial growth and germination. In vivo, the HW-Ca treatment of infected papaya delayed for 5 days the onset of the anthracnose symptoms and improved the papaya postharvest quality. The combined treatment HW-Ca was better than any of the individual treatments to inhibit the in vitro development of C. gloeosporioides and to reduce the negative effects of papaya anthracnose. -
MoJMJ1, Encoding a Histone Demethylase Containing JmjC Domain, Is Required for Pathogenic Development of the Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 13 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2017, 33권 2호 11 193-205 (13 pages)
Histone methylation plays important roles in regulating chromatin dynamics and transcription in eukaryotes. Implication of histone modifications in fungal pathogenesis is, however, beginning to emerge. Here, we report identification and functional analysis of a putative JmjC-domain-containing histone demethylase in Magnaporthe oryzae. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified seven genes, which encode putative histone demethylases containing JmjC domain. Deletion of one gene, MoJMJ1,... -
Enhancement of Seed Dehiscence by Seed Treatment with Talaromyces flavus GG01 and GG04 in Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 8 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2017, 33권 1호 1 1-8 (8 pages)
Seed dehiscence of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer) is affected by moisture, temperature, storage conditions and microbes. Several microbes were isolated from completely dehisced seed coat of ginseng cultivars, Chunpoong and Younpoong at Gumsan, Korea. We investigated the potential of five Talaromyces flavus isolates from the dehiscence of ginseng seed in four traditional stratification facilities. The isolates showed antagonistic activities against fungal plant pathogens, such as... -
Postharvest Disease Control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium expansum on Stored Apples by Gamma Irradiation Combined with Fumigation
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 9 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2016, 32권 5호 10 460-468 (9 pages)
To study the control of postharvest decay caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium expansum, gamma irradiation alone or in combination with fumigation was evaluated to extend the shelf life of apples in South Korea. An irradiation dose of 2.0 kGy resulted in the maximum inhibition of C. gloeosporioides and P. expansum spore germination. The gamma irradiation dose required to reduce the spore germination by 90% was 0.22 and 0.35 kGy for C. gloeosporioides and P. expansum,... -
Effects of Interrupted Wetness Periods on Conidial Germination, Germ Tube Elongation and Infection Periods of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Apple White Rot
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 7 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2016, 32권 1호 1 1-7 (7 pages)
Responses of Botryosphaeria dothidea to interrupted wetness periods were investigated under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Conidia of B. dothidea were allowed to germinate on apple fruits under wetting condition at 25ºC for 5 hr. They were air-dried for 0, 1, 2 or 4 hr, and then rewetted at 25ºC for 5 hr. Following an initial wetness period of 5 hr, 83% of the conidia germinated. The percent conidial germination increased to 96% when wetting was extended... -
Antifungal Effect of Plant Essential Oils on Controlling Phytophthora Species
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 9 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2016, 32권 1호 3 16-24 (9 pages)
with Phytophthora species was treated by adding 50 ml of essential oils and fungicides (100 ppm). Disease severity was determined after 28 days. Among two tested plant essential oils, C. citratus had the lowest EC50 values for inhibition of the mycelial growth of P. capsici (31.473), P. melonis (33.097) and P. drechsleri (69.112), respectively. The mean EC50 values for Metalaxyl-Mancozeb on these pathogens were 20.87, 20.06 and 17.70, respectively. Chemical analysis of plant essential oils by... -
Antifungal Activity of a Synthetic Cationic Peptide against the Plant Pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola and Three Fusarium Species
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 6 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2015, 31권 3호 14 316-321 (6 pages)
A small cationic peptide (JH8944) was tested for activity against a number of pathogens of agricultural crops. JH8944 inhibited conidium growth in most of the tested plant pathogens with a dose of 50 μg/ml, although one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited at 5 μg/ml of JH8944. Most conidia of Fusarium graminearum were killed within 6 hours of treatment with 50 μg/ml of JH8944. Germinating F. graminearum conidia required 238 μg/ml of JH8944 for 90% growth inhibition. The peptide did... -
Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma viride Strain against Potent Tea Fungal Pathogens in North East India
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 12 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2015, 31권 3호 9 278-289 (12 pages)
Indigenous strains of Trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of Tea gardens of Assam, north eastern state of India were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely Pestalotia theae and Fusarium solani. A potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as SDRLIN1, was selected and identified as Trichoderma viride. The strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. Culture filtrate... -
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Postharvest Fungal Pathogens
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 5 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2015, 31권 2호 9 176-180 (5 pages)
e-beam irradiation) were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Rhizopus stolonifer through mycelial growth, spore germination, and morphological analysis under various conditions. Different fungi exhibited different radiosensitivity. The inhibition of fungal growth showed in a dose-dependent manner. Three fungal pathogens have greater sensitivity to the e-beam treatment compared to gamma or X-ray irradiations. The inactivation of individual... -
Roles of Forkhead-box Transcription Factors in Controlling Development, Pathogenicity, and Stress Response in Magnaporthe oryzae
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 15 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2014, 30권 2호 4 136-150 (15 pages)
analysis suggested that two of them (MoFKH1 and MoHCM1) correspond to Ascomycota-specific members of the FOX TF family while the others (MoFOX1 and MoFOX2) are Pezizomycotina-specific members. Deletion of MoFKH1 (ΔMofkh1) resulted in reduced mycelial growth and conidial germination, abnormal septation and stress response, and reduced virulence. Similarly, ΔMohcm1 exhibited reduced mycelial growth and conidial germination. Conidia of ΔMofkh1 and ΔMohcm1 were more sensitive to one or both of... -
Determinants of Plant Growth promoting Ochrobactrum lupini KUDC1013 Involved in Induction of Systemic Resistance against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in Tobacco Leaves
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 8 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2013, 29권 2호 7 174-181 (8 pages)
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Ochrobactrum lupini KUDC1013 elicited induced systemic resistance (ISR) in tobacco against soft rot disease causedby Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. We investigated of its factors involved in ISR elicitation. To characterize the ISR determinants, KUDC1013 cell suspension, heat-treated cells, supernatant from a culture medium, crude bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagella were tested for their ISR activities. Both LPS nd flagella... -
Biological Control of Apple Ring Rot on Fruit by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 9001
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 6 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2013, 29권 2호 6 168-173 (6 pages)
Apple ring rot disease, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex. Fr) Ces. et de Not., is one of the most important diseases on apple fruits. In this study, strain 9001 isolated from healthy apple fruits from an infested orchard was evaluated for its biocontrol activity against apple ring rot in vitro and in vivo. Strain 9001 showed obvious antagonistic activity to B. dothidea YL-1 when plated on potato dextrose agar. Soaking healthy apples in the bacterial suspensions of strain 9001 prior to... -
Sampling and Selection Factors that Enhance the Diversity of Microbial Collections: Application to Biopesticide Development
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 10 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2013, 29권 2호 4 144-153 (10 pages)
Diverse bacteria are known to colonize plants. However, only a small fraction of that diversity has been evaluated for their biopesticide potential. To date, the criteria for sampling and selection in such bioprospecting endeavors have not been systematically evaluated in terms of the relative amount of diversity they provide for analysis. The present study aimed to enhance the success of bioprospecting efforts by increasing the diversity while removing the genotypic redundancy often present in... -
A Forecast Model for the First Occurrence of Phytophthora Blight on Chili Pepper after Overwintering
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 13 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2012, 28권 2호 6 172-184 (13 pages)
An infection risk model for Phytophthora blight on chili pepper was developed to estimate the first date of disease occurrence in the field. The model consisted of three parts including estimation of zoosporangium formation, soil water content, and amount of active inoculum in soil. Daily weather data on air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall, and the soil texture data of local areas were used to estimate infection risk level that was quantified as the accumulated amount of active... -
Chemical and Biological Controls of Balloon Flower Stem Rots Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 8 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2012, 28권 2호 4 156-163 (8 pages)
vitro, showing effective suppression with mycelial growth of the fungal isolates on PDA media. Efficacies of the four fungicides were also demonstrated in stem tissues of balloon flower plants against R. solani and S. sclerotiorum. A commercially available Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 was tested in terms of antagonistic biological control of stem rot disease of balloon flower plants. The bacterial strain revealed its antifungal activities against R. solani and S. sclerotiorum demonstrated by... -
Roles of Ascospores and Arthroconidia of Xylogone ganodermophthora in Development of Yellow Rot in Cultivated Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 10 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2011, 27권 2호 6 138-147 (10 pages)
Xylogone ganodermophthora, an ascomycetous fungus, is known to cause yellow rot in the cultivated mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. In this study, we investigated the dissemination of this fungal pathogen in G. lucidum grown in cultivation houses. To determine the role of ascospores produced by X. ganodermophthora in disease development, we constructed a green fluorescent proteinlabeled transgenic strain. This X. ganodermophthora strain produced a number of ascomata in the tissues of oak logs on which... -
Suppression of Green and Blue Mold in Postharvest Mandarin Fruit by Treatment of Pantoea agglomerans 59-4
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 7 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2010, 26권 4호 8 353-359 (7 pages)
In order to control postharvest spoilage of satsuma mandarin fruits, rhizobacteria were isolated from soil samples. The Pantoea agglomerans strain 59-4 (Pa 59-4) which suppresses the decay of mandarin fruit by green and blue mold, was tested for the control efficacy and its mode of action was investigated. Pa 59-4 inhibited infection by green and blue mold on wounded mandarins, which were artificially inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum with control... -
Biocontrol of Potato White Mold Using Coniothyrium minitans and Resistance of Potato Cultivars to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 7 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2010, 26권 4호 7 346-352 (7 pages)
This study was conducted in Bahar and Lalehjin, Hamadan, Iran to assess the biocontrol efficacy of Coniothyrium minitans Campbell against potato white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary under field and greenhouse conditions. In addition, the resistance of common potato cultivars against S. sclerotiorum was determined in a greenhouse experiment. After straw inoculation of six potato cultivars (Pashandi, Istambouli, Agria, Marfauna, Alpha and Spartaan) with S. sclerotiorum, the... -
Potential of the Volatile-Producing Fungus Nodulisporium sp. CF016 for the Control of Postharvest Diseases of Apple
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 7 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2010, 26권 3호 7 253-259 (7 pages)
In vitro and in vivo mycofumigation effects of the volatileproducing fungus Nodulisporium sp. CF016 isolated from stem of Cinnamomum loureirii and the role of its volatile compounds were investigated against phytopathogenic fungi. The volatile compounds produced by Nodulisporium sp. CF016 inhibited and killed a wide range of plant and storage pathogens including to Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum coccodes,... -
A Short-chain Dehydrogenase/reductase Gene is Required for Infection-related Development and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 9 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2010, 26권 1호 2 8-16 (9 pages)
The phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a major limiting factor in rice production. To understand the genetic basis of M. oryzae pathogenic development, we previously analyzed a library of T-DNA insertional mutants of M. oryzae, and identified ATMT0879A1 as one of the pathogenicity-defective mutants. Molecular analyses and database searches revealed that a single TDNA insertion in ATMT0879A1 resulted in functional interference with an annotated gene, MGG00056, which encodes a... -
A Bacterial Endophyte, Pseudomonas brassicacearum YC5480 Isolated from the Root of Artemisia sp. Producing Antifungal and Phytotoxic Compounds
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 8 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2008, 24권 4호 13 461-468 (8 pages)
5 days incubation. Mycelial growth of fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici was also inhibited by the culture filtrate of the strain YC5480. An antifungal compound, KS-1 with slight inhibitory activity of radish seed germination at 1,000 ppm and a seed germination inhibitory compound, KS-2 without suppression of fungal growth were produced simultaneously in TSB. The compounds KS-1 and KS-2 were identified to be 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol... -
Effect of Salinity, Temperature and Carbon Source on the Growth and Development of Sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolated from Semi-arid Environment
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 10 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2008, 24권 4호 6 407-416 (10 pages)
on the mycelial growth, sclerotia development, and apothecium production of an isolate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Mycelial growth rate was greatest at 25oC on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium amended with up to 2% NaCl (ψs ≤ 1.91 MPa) and thereafter, growth rate declined. The least number of sclerotia were produced at 20oC on both PDA and malt extract agar (MEA) amended with 8% NaCl (ψs=6.62 MPa). With increasing temperature and decreasing solute potential the number and size of sclerotia... -
Current Status and Future Prospects of White Root Rot Management in Pear Orchards: A Review
Shailesh S. Sawant, Eu Ddeum Choi, Janghoon Song, Ho-Jin Seo 한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 8 Pages
한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 2021, 27권 3호 1 91-98 (8 pages)
The current social demand for organic, sustainable, and eco-friendly approaches for farming, while ensuring the health and productivity of crops is increasing rapidly. Biocontrol agents are applied to crops to ensure biological control of plant pathogens. Research on the biological control of white root rot disease caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix, is limited in pears compared to that in apple and avocado. This pathogenic fungus has an extensive host range, and symptoms of... -
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes by cDNA-AFLP in Magnaporthe oryzae
Myoung-Hwan Chi, Sook-Young Park 한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 8 Pages
한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 2019, 25권 4호 7 205-212 (8 pages)
appressorial and vegetative mycelial cDNAs using 28 primer combinations generated over 200 differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs). TDFs were excised from gels, re-amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Forty-four of 52 clones analyzed corresponded to 42 genes. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression of 23 genes was up-regulated during appressorium formation, one of which was the MCK1 gene that had been shown to be involved in appressorium formation. This study... -
보문 : 길항세균을 이용한 상추 균핵병의 생물학적 방제
전봉관, 박수지, 김진원 한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 9 Pages
한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 2013, 19권 1호 3 12-20 (9 pages)
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장기 저장 후 느티만가닥버섯(Hypsizygus marmoreus) 균주의 균사 생존력과 재배 특성에 대한 연구
이혜정, 노현수, 김종국, 이창윤, Lee. Hyae-Jung, Ro. Hyeon-Su, Kim. Jong-Guk, Lee. Chang-Yun 한국버섯학회 Journal of mushrooms 6 Pages
한국버섯학회 Journal of mushrooms 2014, Vol.12 No.1 29-34 (6 pages)
본 연구는 다양한 조건에서 장기 보존한 느티만가닥버섯 균주의 균사 생존력과 재배성능 검증을 수행하였다. 균사 생존력은 장기 보존된 균주를 9, 21, 33, 45개월 단위로 해동하여 PDA 평판배지에 접종한 다음 1, 2, 3, 4, 5차 계대배양에 따른 균사 생장길이를 측정하여 검증하였다. 액체질소에 보존한 균사를 해동 직후 실시한 1차 계대배양에서는 동결보호제로써 Glycerol 10%를 단용으로 처리한 실험구에서 균사생장이 저조한 결과를 나타내었으나, 5차 계대배양에서는 버섯 균사의 생장력이 다른 실험구와 동일한 수준으로...
