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Gossypol acetic acid induces apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells via a caspase-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway
Sijun Deng, Hui Yuan, Jine Yi, Yin Lu, Qiang Wei, Chengzhi Guo, Jing Wu, Liyun Yuan, Zuping He 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 9 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2013, 제 14권 제 3호 7 281-289 (9 pages)
To investigate the effects of gossypol acetic acid (GA) on proliferation and apoptosis of the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and further understand the possible underlying mechanism responsible for GA-induced cell apoptosis, RAW264.7 cells were treated with GA (25∼35 μmol/L) for 24 h and the cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay, while apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and flow cytometry. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential... -
New Downy Mildew Disease Caused by Hyaloperonospora brassicae on Pak choi (Brassica rapa) in Korea
Hyun Ju Lee, Jae Sung Lee, Young-Joon Choi 한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 4 Pages
한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 2019, 25권 2호 8 98-101 (4 pages)
Pak choi (or a Bok choy; Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is a popular brassicaceous vegetable worldwide. In January 2019, a downy mildew symptom on pak choi was found at a farm located in Yongin, Korea. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic inference, the pathogenic oomycete was identified as Hyaloperonospora brassicae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of downy mildew disease occurring on pak choi in Korea. Considering the increasing demand for this crop,... -
A Study on Teaching English Across Proficiency Levels
Lee Hae-kyung 공주교육대학교 초등교육연구원 교육논총 18 Pages
공주교육대학교 초등교육연구원 교육논총 53권3호 9 1-18 (18 pages)
The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of language proficiency and notice the difficulty of defining proficiency, especially in differentiating among what is commonly thought to be ‘beginning’, ‘intermediate’, and ‘advanced’ levels. We need to recognize methodological differences among teaching classes of beginning, intermediate and advanced students and apply concepts of accuracy, fluency, comprehensibility, grammaticality, and sociolinguistic appropriateness to an...
