Bronchopleural fistula is the communication between a bronchus or bronchiole and the pleural space, clinically bronchopleural fistula is usually combined with infection. But pneumothorax is the communication between a peripheral air space such as a ruptured bleb, and the pleural space. The author studies on the 62 bronchopleural fistula patients who were admitted to P.N.U.H. from 1974 to October, 1984 according to causative mechanism which was postresectional origin, non resectional surgical origin and spontaneous origin, and its underlying diseases. The following results were obtained. 1.The causes of BPF: 5.16% was spontaneous origin, 30.6% was postresectional origin, 17.7% was other surgical origin. 2.The causes of BPF after resectional operation: 42.1% was tuberculosis, 21.1% was tumor resectional case. 3.The proper operational method for BPF was thoracoplasty with myoplasty. 4.The average operation for BPF was 2.7 times.