This study was designed to investigate the nutritional anemic state and hematological findings of children, aged 11 and 12 years, living in Haenam Koon (living at home) and in Mokpo City (living in an orphan asylum) located in Chonnam. The mean red blood cell number of male was higher than female in both groups of living in the rural area and in the city orphan asylum (p<0.01), but the white blood cell count was not significantly different. The levels of average hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the children in both groups were similar, and 19.8% of children living at home in the rural area and 32.1% of children living in the city orphan asylum were anemic. The mean levels of serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio in children of both group were not statistically different, and 18.4% of children living at home in the rural area and 13.2% of children living in the city orphan asylum were insufficient in the serum total protein value. The average serum cholesterol level of children living at home in the rural area was higher than that of children living in the city orphan asylum(p<0.01), and that of female living at home was higher than that of male (p<0.05). The mean levels of serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation of children living at home in the rural area were significantly higher than those of children living in the city orphan asylum (p<0.01).