Osteoporosis is a major underlying cause of bone fracture in postmenopausal women and older person in general, and so it is a major public health problem. It is a condition in which bone mass decreases, causing bones to be more susceptible to fracture. A trivial trauma can easily cause one or more bones to break in a person with severe osteoporosis. Physicians and patients alike are concerned with the optimum approach to the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. The diagnostic method and proper use of agents, such as calcium, vitamin D, estrogen, and fluorides, as well as the role of exercise are issues that have generated major research efforts. So these are to be mentioned in this paper.