An aortobronchial fistula is a rare complication of aneurysm of the aorta. The fistula starting from a chronic traumatic aortic aneurysm is exceptionally rare. Our observation concerns a patient of 26 with previous chest trauma who had atelectasis of left lung following dyspnea and hemoptysis. Aortography and surgical intervention revealed that this was a chronic traumatic aortic aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta, which developed a fistula in the bronchus. She underwent left posterolateral thoracotomy and the surgical repair of the aneurysm was performed with a woven Dacron patch graft using a temporary external bypass between the ascending and the descending aorta. The fistula in the bronchus was closed with simple interrupted sutures. In the immediate postoperative period, double vision, headache, and hoarseness developed but returned normal.