Basalold squamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare, aggressive neoplasm of the upper aerodigestive tract or esophagus. It is characterized by a biphasic pattern in which basaloid tumor is intimately associated with a neoplastic squamous component which can be either Invasive r in situ. Despite its characteristic histologic appearance, the BSC of the esophagus has been confused with esophageal neoplasm variously reported as adenoid cystic carcinoma or carcinoma with adenoid cystic differentiation Their distinction is important because genuine adenoid cystic carcinoma is much less as- gressive than BSC. The biologic course of BSC is similar to that of the more frequent squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. We have experienced a case of BSC of the esophagus in a 60-year-old male patient. The lesion was located in the middle third of the esophagus. The patient was treated with surgery followed by radio- therapy.