In order to investigate pharmacological properties of New Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (NWCH) and Woohwangchungsimwon Pill(WCH), effects of NWCH and WCH on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system were compared. Cerebral ischemia insult was performed using unilateral carotid artery occlusion in Mongolian gerbils. The histological observations showed preventive effect of NWCH and WCH treatments with ischemia-induced brain damage. The ATP in brain tissue was decreased in vehicle-treated ischemic gerbils. This decrease was prevented by NWCH and WCH treatment. In contrast to what was seen with ATP, the lactate and lipid peroxide were both elevated in vehicle-treated ischemic gerbils. This elevation was inhibited by NWCH and WCH treatments. In central nervous system, NWCH and WCH had sedative effect in rotarod and spontaneous activity test, but no effects on the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time. And, NWCH and WCH had weak anticonvulsion effects in electric shock- and pentetrazol-induced convulsion test. NWCH and WCH increased the respiration rate, but decreased the respiration depth in rats. Furthermore, NWCH and WCH showed antistress effect. Our findings suggest that the pharmacological profiles of NWCH on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system are similar to that of WCH.