Purpose : To access the usefulness of transcatheter radiofrequency (RF) electrocautery as a method of nonsurgical tubal occlusion. Materials and Methods : Using the coaxial technique under fluoroscopic guidance, transvaginal fluoroscopic fallopian tube catheterization was performed in thirteen rabbits. In each rabbit, unilateral tubal ablation was performed using RF electrocautery. A 0.018 inch metallic wire protruding from the microcatheter tip was used as the source of the RF energy ; the length of the noninsulated part of this wire was 10mm and the duration of RF supply was 20 seconds. The contralateral normal fallopian tube and uterus were used asa control. All 13 rabbits were randomly sacrified on two days(group I) or 30 days(group II) after the procedure, and tubal patency and histologic change were evaluated. Result : In group I(n=5), significant RF ablation-induced tissue necrosis of the endosalpinx was found in all five rabbits. In group II(n=8), the fallopian tube was completely occluded with tubal wall fibrosis, in all eight rabbits, but there was no tissue damage in adjacent peritoneal organs. For contralateral control tubes, the histologic findings were normal. Conclusion : Transcatheter RF electrocautery is thought to be a useful method for tubal occlusion. It is simple, safe, and less expensive and might have a role in future female tubal steralization.