The graft polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto nylon fabric was performed using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The surface morphology and the structure change of the nylon fabric after graft polymerization were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The properties of the AA-grafted nylon fabric, such as moisture regain, contact angle, and the hemoglobin removing rate were also investigated. The graft polymerization ratio increased with increasing AA concentration. The surface of grafted nylon became rougher with increasing graft ratio. FT-IR analysis confirmed the introduction of the COOH group. In the XPS spectra, intensities and areas of C 1s peak at 290 eV and O 1s peak at 531.6 eV increased due to grafting and Na 1s peak at 1070.99 eV was newly introduced by grafting and alkaline treatment. The moisture regain of the nylon fabric improved after alkaline treatment. The contact angle also decreased after grafting and alkaline treatment. Therefore, this result implies that the effect of graft on the hemoglobin removing rate is related with the changes in contact angle and moisture regain.