Preeclampsia is a common, pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease leading to severe morbidity in the mother and fetus. Although the etiology of preeclampsia remains unclear, many studies focus mutation of placental mitochondria as the cause of this disease. This review covers mutation of placental mitochondria as the possible etiology of preeclampsia, prevention and treatment strategies based on the hypothesis of mutation of placental mitochondria in the etiology of preeclampsia.