The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of health promotion education on the health behavior performance of elementary school students. This design of this study is nonequivalant control group pretest-posttest-design. Collecting data has conducted from November 10, 1997 to February 5, 1998. The subjects for this study were 76 sixth graders of ¡°L¡± elementary school, which is located in Bondong, Dalsuhgu, Daegu were chosen and were assigned as an experimental group(39) and as a control group(37). In pre-test, the general characteristics of two groups, health behavior performance were measured. The experimental group was given behavior contraction and health promotion education twice a week for 3 weeks. They also filled out the self behavior cheek list. The post-test and follow-test were conducted the same as The pre-test. The instrument used for this study were the health behavior performance scale. It was developed on the basis of health behavior practice scale which was invented by Mi-Nam Kim (1997). The data analysis was done using ${x^2}-test$, t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, analysis of simple main effect and time contrast method, they were processed with SAS/ PC. The result of this study are summerized as follows : 1) There is no difference between experimental group and control group. 2) The hypothesis is supported "The experimental group which was given health promotion education will shows higher health behavior performance than control group which given that" (F=17.92, p=0.000l). 3) In health behavior performance, scale the highest domain was the personal hygience, and then mental health, meal habit and exercise. In consequence, the experimental group which was given health promotion education scored higher on health behavior performance than the control group. so the health promotion education should continue to encourage health behavior performance of elementary school students. Also, because exere score in health behavior performance marked the lowest score, it is necessary to encourage exercise when planning health promotion education.