To understand the effects of drying conditions on changes of volatile compounds in fruits of Schizandra chinensis, we analyzed SDE (steam distillation and extraction) extract and Headspace vapor of fresh and dried samples using GC/MS (Gas chromatograph/Mass spectrometer). Contents of essential oils from samples with different drying conditions were 0.58% in fresh ones, 0.60% in freeze dried ones, and 0.30% in hot-air dried ones. In SDE extract, major volatile compounds in fresh samples were terpinen-4-ol(9.01%), ${gamma}-terpinene(7.02%),;{eta}-myrcene(7.55%)$, unidentified sesquiterpenes(28.48%), showing almost the same composition as that in freeze-dried ones, but those in hot-air dried samples at $60^{circ}C$ were ${gamma}-terpinene(5.40%),;{alpha}-elemene(8.28%)$, unidentified sesquiterpenes(50.38%), indicating the chemical changes during drying procedure. In Headspace vapor, major compounds in fresh samples were ${eta}-myrcene(22.05%),;{gamma}-terpinene(9.47%),;{alpha}-pinene(8.91%)$, sabinene(8.48%), which were different from those in SDE extract. In chemical compositions of volatile compounds in dried samples, ${eta}-myrcene,;{alpha}-terpinene$ decreased in the order of freeze-drying > hot-air drying at $60^{circ}C$ > hot-air drying at $60^{circ}C$, and ${alpha}-ylangene,;{alpha}-pinene$, camphene increased in the reverse order of the former. We observed the changes of the contents and compositions of essential oils compounds during drying procedure, especially a decrease in monoterpenes and alcohols and an increase in sesquiterpenes with relatively weak volatility.