A method of measuring Q of a two port cavity by scattering parameters is proposed. The scattering parameters of a two port cavity resonator are derived by a lumped equivalent circuit model as a function of cavity parameters, including the cavity Q. These can be also obtained by direct measurement with a modern network analyzer, The results show good agreement with those from other well-known methods. This two port measurement can provide additional information such as the coupled power ratio, which is one of the important parameters for the beam accelerating cavities.