This study was conducted to compare symptoms, living activities, self-efficacy and family support between rheumatoid arthritis patients and fibromyalgia patients. The subjects were consisted of 150 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 125 fibromyalgia patients at H Rheumatism Clinic. Data were collected by means of structured interview with questionnaires. The results were as follows: 1. Fibromyalgia patients have more symptoms than rheumatoid arthritis patients have. But the latter has more difficulties concerning living activities. 2. Self-efficacy score of fibromyalgia arthritis patients was higher than that of rheumatoid arthritis patients, but both the scores were at moderate level. 3. The level of family support of rheumatoid arthritis patients was moderate, similar as that of fibromyalgia patients. As self-efficacy and family support are important factors to relieve symptoms of both diseases, their promotion holds a key post.