Purpose of this study was to compare serum phospholipid fatty acid composition of obese children with that of normal weight children reside in Kangnung area. Subjects were consisted of 56(41 boys and 15 girls) moderately or severely obese elementary school children, and age and sex-matched normal weight children as a control group. Level of serum phospholipid fatty acids was measured by thin layer chromatography(TLC) followed by gas chromatography(GLC). for male subjects, serum triglyceride(121 $pm$ 4.7mg/dl) and total cholesterol(180 $pm$ 37.1mg/dl) concentrations were significantly(p < 0.05) higher in obese group than those for control group(81.5 $pm$ 2.5mg/dl and 161 $pm$ 32.0mg/dl, respectively). Obese group showed significantly higher percentage of serum phospholipid myristic acid(C14:0) than the value for control group in both male and female subjects. Obese male subjects had significantly higher percentages of palmitoleic acid(16 : 1), oleic acid(18 : 1), dihomo-${gamma}$-linoleic acid(20 : 3, $omega$6) and docosatetraenoic acid(22 : 4, $omega$6), and lower percentages of eicosenoic acid(20 : 1, $omega$6), docosapentaenoic acid(22 : 5, $omega$6), EPA(22 : 5, $omega$3) and DHA (22 : 6, $omega$3) compared to values for control male subjects. For male subjects, obese group showed significantly higher ratios of 16 : 1($omega$9)/16 : 0 and 18 : 1($omega$9)/18 : 0, and significantly lower ratios of 22 : 5($omega$6)/22 4($omega$6), and 22 : 6($omega$3)/22 : 5($omega$3) compacted to values for the control group. But there was not significant differences in elongation and desaturation indices of serum phospholipids fatty acid metabolism between obese and control group in female subjects. Most of anthropometric measurements related to obesity were negatively correlated with the percentages of PUFA, $omega$3 fatty acids or DHA(22 : 6, $omega$3), and positively correlated with the percentage of myristic acid(14 : 0) or $omega$6/$omega$3 ratio in serum phospholipids. Serum triglyceride concentration was negatively correlated with the percentage of PUFA or $omega$3 fatty acids, and positively correlated with $omega$6/$omega$3 ratio in serum phospholipids. These results indicate that obesity related changes in blood lipid levels and metabolism are more significant in male subjects than in female subjects. Also changes in serum phospholipid fatty acid composition observed in obese children appear to demonstrate the increased susceptibility of these children to cardiovascular disease and other related chronic diseases.