The effects of re-peening on the fatigue damaged material are studied in this paper. The effects of re-peening process on surface hardness, surface roughness, surface compressive residual stress, and fatigue life are investigated. The results can be summarized in brief as follows: The depth of hardening layer was increased by re-peening process. There is no large variation of the surface roughness by re-peening process. The compressive residual stress of shot-peened specimen decreases under the fatigue loading and then increases again by re-peening process. Re-peening process increases the fatigue lifo of shot-peened and fatigue damaged specimen. The increase of fatigue lift under high stress level is much higher than under low stress level.