This paper discusses the theoretical arguments regarding the structure of the national disaster management system. This paper is motivated by the criticisms that the Korean literature on the national disaster management system treats the issue in the limited context of the structural reform of the government and that in such process it confines itself to the production of very practical solutions based on partial observation on the national disaster management system of advanced countries without proper treatment of the peculiar political, socio-economic, cultural backgrounds of such countries. Therefore, this paper provides thorough theoretical review on the structural characteristics of the national disaster management system, which is pursued on the basis of the constructs of the systematic understanding of the characteristics of disaster itself as a policy subject. As a result this paper shows that the national disaster management system requires