울산에 위치한 상수원인 회야댐 저수지에서 물리 ${cdot}$ 화학적 환경요인에 따른 식물플랑크톤의 변동 및 세균수와세균학적 수질의 변화를 파악하고자 저수지내 3개 지점의 표층과 저층에서 2001년 4월에서 10월까지 2${sim}$4주의간격으로 채수하여 분석하였다. 조사기간 동안 투명도는0.4${sim}$3.5m, 표층에서 수온 10.2${sim}$$10^{circ}C$,용존산소 5.5${sim}$12.4 mg $L^{-1}$, PH 7.3${sim}$9.6, $BOD_5$ 0.8 ${sim}$ 5.0 mg $L^{-1}$, $COD_{Mn}$3.7${sim}$10.0 mg $L^{-1}$, Chl-a 8.9~60.9 mg $m^{-3}$, 저층에서 수온 7.2${sim}$$28.9^{circ}C$, 용존산소 0.6${sim}$9.5 mg $L^{-1}$, pH 7.1${sim}$9.3, $BOD_5$ 0.8~4.5 mg $L^{-1}$, $COD_{Mn}$ 3.9${sim}$10.0 mg $L^{-1}$, Chl-a 4.3${sim}$81.9 mg $m^{-3}$의 범위였다. 식물플랑크톤 개체수는 표층 7.4${pm}10^2{sim}2.6{pm}10^5$ cells $mL^{-1}$, 저층 2.5${pm}10^2{sim}2.4{pm}10^4$ CelI $mL^{-1}$의 범위였으며, 수온 및 Chl-a와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 4월에는 Stephanodiscus속, 5월에는 Oscillatoria속이 우점하였고, 6월에서 9월 초에 걸쳐Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Anabaena의 대발생이 관찰되었으며, 9월 중순 이후 다시 Stephanodiscus속과 Aulacoseira속이 우점하였다. 총 세균수는 1.73${pm}10^4{sim}1.68{pm}10^5$cells $mL^{-1}$의 범위로 표층이 저층보다 높았으며, 수온 및 식물플랑크톤 개체수와는 표층에서 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 일반세균수는 30${sim}4.1{pm}10^3$ CFU $mL^{-1}$의범위로, a 지점이 다른 두 지점보다 높았고, 저층이 표층보다 높아 총 세균수와는 다른 양상을 보였으며, 저층에서 $BOD_5$및 $NO^3;^-$-N과 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 분원성 대장균군과 분원성 연쇄상구균의 경우 a지점이 다른 두 지점보다 오염의 정도가 더 심했고, 저층이 표층보다 특히 높았으며, 비가 온 이후에는 취수탑이 위치한 c지점의 저층에서도 상당한 농도로 검출되어 이를 고려한정수공정의 관리가 필요하리라 생각된다.
We investigated the effect of physicochemical environmental factors on the community dynamics of phytoplanktons and bacteria at the Hoeya Dam Reservoir, a drinking water reservoir for Ulsan city. Water samples were collected and analyzed every two to four weeks at three sites along the reservoir from April to October, 2001. During the study period, the Secchi depths were between 0.4 and 3.5 m. At the surface layer of water column, temperature ranged 10.2 ~ $32.0^{circ}C$, pH 7.3${sim}$9.6, dissolved oxygen 5.5 ${sim}$ 12.4 mg $L^{-1}$, $BOD_5$ 0.8 ${sim}$ 5.0 mg $L^{-1}$, $COD_{Mn}$ 3.7 ${sim}$ 10.0 mg $L^{-1}$, and Chl-a 8.9 ${sim}$ 60.9 mg $m^{-3}$. At the bottom layer, temperature varied 7.2 ${sim}$ $28.9^{circ}C$, pH 7.1 ${sim}$ 9.3, dissolved oxygen 0.6 ${sim}$ 9.7 mg $L^{-1}$, $BOD_5$ 0.8 ${sim}$ 4.5 mg $L^{-1}$, $COD_{Mn}$ 3.9 ${sim}$ 10.0 mg $L^{-1}$, and Chl-a 4.3 ${sim}$ 81.9 mg $m^{-3}$. The numbers of phytoplanktons were 7.4${pm}10^2{sim}2.6{pm}10^5$ cells $mL^{-1}$ at surface and 2.5${pm}10^2{sim}2.4{pm}10^4$ cells $mL^{-1}$ at bottom, and were positively correlated with water temperature and Chl- a concentration. Genus Stephanodiscus and genus Oscillatoria dominated on April and on May, respectively. Cyanobacterial blooms of Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Anabaena were observed from June to early September, and thereafter Stephanodiscus and Aulacoseiral dominated again. Total microbial counts ranged 1.73${pm}10^4{sim}1.68{pm}10^5$ cells $mL^{-1}$, and were positively correlated with water temperature and phytoplankton counts at surface water. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) ranged 30${sim}4.1{pm}10^3$ CFU $mL^{-1}$, and were positively correlated with $BOD_5$ and $NO^3;^-$-N concentration at bottom water. Unlike the total microbial counts, the numbers of fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci as well as HPCs were higher at the bottom than the surface layer and were highest at the upper a site among the three sampling sites. Since the concentrations of fecal coliforms and streptococci were still high at the bottom of site c, where intake for water treatment plant is located, it appeared that special management of water treatment processes may be needed especially after strong rainfall.
