Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases in Oriental medicine. To investigate whether AR possesses anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the BV2 microglial cells, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) assay, and nitric oxide (NO) detection assay were performed. From the present results, AR was shown to suppress PGE2 synthesis and NO production by inhibiting the LPS-stimulated enhancement of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in BV2 microglial cells. These results suggest that AR may offer a valuable means of therapy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases by attenuating LPS-induced PGE2 synthesis and NO production.