We investigate a matrix inequality on Schur complements defined by {1}-generalized inverses, and obtain simultaneously a necessary and sufficient condition under which the inequality turns into an equality. This extends two existing matrix inequalities on Schur complements defined respectively by inverses and Moore-Penrose generalized inverses (see Wang et al. [Lin. Alg. Appl., 302-303(1999)163-172] and Liu and Wang [Lin. Alg. Appl., 293(1999)233-241]). Moreover, the non-uniqueness of ${1}$-generalized inverses yields the complicatedness of the extension.