Hwan Myeong Hwan (環明丸) is Chinese patent medicine which is used for presbyopia and eye disease. It consists of 23 kind of powdered crude drugs. In powered crude drugs, it is hard to identify each component by chemical analysis or morphological examination. However, the method of identification of powdered crude drugs has not been clearly established. For the identification of individual crude drugs in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used as it requires only a small amount of specimens. In this study, it is demonstrated that the microscopic method is very effective for the identification of 23 crude drug ingredients in Hwan Myeong Hwan.