Succinic acid is a cellular metabolite belonging to the C4-dicarboxylic acid family, and the fermentative production of succinic acid via the use of recombinant microorganisms has recently become the focus of an increasing amount of attention. Considering the difficulty inherent to the direct application of natural succinic acid producers to the industrial process, a variety of systems biology studies have been conducted regarding the development of enhanced succinic acid production systems. This review shows how the metabolic processes of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli and Mannheimia succiniciproducens, have been optimized in order to achieve enhanced succinic acid production. First, their metabolic networks were constructed on the basis of complete genome sequences, after which their metabolic characteristics were estimated via in silica computer modeling. Metabolic engineering strategies were designed in accordance with the results of in silica modeling, and metabolically engineered versions of both E. coli and M. succiniciproducens have been constructed. The succinic acid productivity and yield obtained using metabolically engineered bacteria was significantly higher than that obtained using wild-type bacteria.