This study was to investigate the influence the of surface characteristics of textile materials finished with chitosan on detergency of particulate soil. The fabric was treated with glutardialdehyde as crosslinking agent to improve the fixation rate of chitosan on fabric. after chitosan finishing. The ${zeta}$-potential of fabric was measured by streaming potential method, and the potential energy of interaction between particle and fiber were calculated by using the heterocoagulation theory for sphere-plate model. The contact angle of solution on treated fabric was decreased with increasing chitosan concentration, and well related with moisture regain. The negative ${zeta}$-potential and the potential energy of interaction between particle and fiber of fabric treated with chitosan were decreased with increasing concentration chitosan, which was attributed to the effect of decreasing negative charge by adsorption of the cationic material. And the adsorption of anionic surfactant to fabric was increased with increasing chitosan and surfactant concentration, but the influence of ionic strength on the adsorption of anionic surfactant to fabric was biphasic with maxinum at certain ionic strength. The negative ${zeta}$-potential was increased with decreasing adsorption of anionic surfactant to fabric.