The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause-effect relationship between demographic variables and self-efficacy and job stress of occupational therapists through the analysis of structural equation modeling. The survey was completed 164 occupational therapists using questionnaire consisted of demographic variables, job stress and self-efficacy. The results of this study were follows: Firstly, regarding the measurement about reliability and validity of scale of job stress and self-efficacy, all subfactor of self-efficacy and three subfactor of job stress were useful for occupational therapists; Secondly, there were significant correlations between demographic variables and self-efficacy except the correlations between variables job status; Thirdly, the structural equation modeling were employed to identify the relations among demographic variables, self-efficacy and job stress of occupational therapists. Thus the appropriateness of research model was good. This study focused on exploration of the relationship between self-efficacy and job stress through structural equation modeling.