The hydraulic transport characteristics of sand-water mixtures in circular and square pipelines are experimentally investigated by changing the Reynolds number and volumetric delivered concentration. The hydraulic gradients are increased along with the Reynolds number. When the mean velocity is larger than the critical velocity, the hydraulic gradient of sand-water mixture in the square duct is larger than that in the circular pipe. The deposition-limit velocity in the square duct is smaller than that in the circular pipe. Thus, it can be concluded that the square duct transports sands more effectively than the circular pipe in a low operating range of velocity. The empirical correlation between the hydraulic gradient and the Reynolds number is obtained. It is believed that the present data and empirical equation can be used to validate the numerical methods developed for the analysis of the transport characteristics of slurry in the circular and square pipelines.