Various fiber types consisting of a single nonwoven fabric were investigated to provide a combination of good strength and filtration characteristics. Polyester staple fiber (PSF) 3, 6, and 15 denier, low melting PSF (LM-PSF) 4 denier, 3-ball-type, non-circular shaped, PSF 2 denier (NC-PSF), and splittable micro-PSF 2 denier (SM-PSF) that were divided into 8 pieces by needle punching force were used for investigation. The effects of the enormous increase in the surface area and the reduction in pore size due to the use of finer fibers are reported. As the fiber denier size was reduced, the dust arresting efficiency increased and the air permeability decreased. The dust arresting efficiency also increased with increasing SM-PSF content.