The purposes of this study were to examine whether aquatic exercise has influence on the neuroplasticity and vestibulo-motor function in diffuse brain injury rats. 80 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups; Group I: control group (n=20), Group II: aquatic exercise (n=20), Group III: treadmill exercise with change of velocity and inclination (n=20), Group IV: simple treadmill exercise (n=20). And we applied exercise each groups for 3 weeks except Group I. Before the rats were sacrificed to identify immunohistochemistry study at each time of measurement day, Rota-Rod test was given to assess changes in vestibulomotor function. then, the immunohistochemistry study of GAP-43 in discrete regions of the rat brain was performed to measure changes in neuroplasticity. The results demonstrate that aquatic exercise group is more effective than other groups. expression of GAP-43 and vestibulo-motor function were increased most in aquatic exercise group. Therefore, this study suggest that aquatic exercise may effective therapeutic approach to increase neuroplasticity and vestibulo-motor function in traumatic brain injury.