In this study, performs analysis of the life of parallel opening type pneumatic chucks that are usually applied in the factory automation line. Pneumatic chucks have complicated failure cause because they are organized as a complex of various elements. Therefore, we analyzed the main failure mode of pneumatic chuck, and then performed life test and performance test according to the international standards. On the basis of these processes, shape parameter of pneumatic chuk is proposed that is the main factor for the calculation of zero failure test time for the reliability of pneumatic chuck and their data analysis of life distribution.