We reported the preparation and characterization of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/$BaSO_4$ hybrid nanofibers prepared by normal and ultrasonic electrospinning, respectively. Compared to normal electrospinning, $BaSO_4$ particles in the resultant PVA/$BaSO_4$ hybrid nanofibers prepared by ultrasonic electrospinning were well-dispersed without severe agglomerations, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that typical crystalline peaks of PVA and $BaSO_4$ particles were dramatically decreased by ultrasonication during electrospinning. Moreover, the size of $BaSO_4$ aggregates became smaller.