Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) in patients with hemiplegia. Methods: Two experienced physical therapists examined twenty six patients (17 male and 9 female) with an age range of 19-83 years (mean=51.9 SD=15.2). They assessed the elbow flexor/extensor muscle spasticity in the affected side. Interand intra-rater reliability of the MAS and the MTS were calculated using kappa statistics. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the angle of muscle reactions (R2-R1). Results: The intra-rater reliability of the MAS (K=0.39-0.55) and MTS (K=0.33-0.55) was fair to moderate. The inter-rater reliability was significantly higheras measured with MTS (K=0.54-0.66) in comparison with MAS (K=0.52). Intra-rater reliability of R2-R1 was moderate to almost perfect (ICC=0.52-0.86), and inter-rater reliability was substantial (ICC=0.74-0.76). Conclusion: The MTS provides higher inter-rater reliability compared with the MAS in hemiplegia patient analysis, but intra-rater reliability of both scales was not significantly different. Thus further research is needed to examine not only reliability, but also validity of these measurement systems.