The phase, luminescence spectrum, chromaticity and afterglow properties of rare-earth strontium aluminate luminescent fibers, which appear the primary colors of red, yellow and blue in the sun, were measured by XRD, fluorescence spectrometer, spectral scanning-meter and illuminometer. With the analysis, the experiment results indicated that the emission peak of yellow and blue luminescent fibers were located at 520 nm, which were caused by transition of $Eu^{2+}$. The crystal phase structure of red luminescent fiber was destructed, the yellow light emission being created at 580 nm. This may be the transition of $Dy^{3+}$ of rare-earth strontium aluminate. The three kinds of chromatic light of fiber are yellow, yellow-green and green light successively (The illumination strength is declining with the order of rare-earth strontium aluminate, yellow, blue and red). Comparing to rare-earth strontium aluminate, the afterglow duration of luminescent fibers were extended.