Anticancer effects of the mussel (Mytilus coruscus) cultivated in Korea were determined. Lipid extracts of Mytilus coruscus were prepared using extractions in several organic solvents: methanol, chloroform, hexane, methanol:chloroform=1:1, and chloroform:hexane=1:1. Anticancer activities of the extracts were evaluated using apoptosis assays analyzed by flow cytometry. The hexane extract exhibited the highest anticancer activity. This extract was further separated and purified using thin layer chromatography, through which lipid compounds were isolated, and their components were analyzed; the major fatty acids were eiocosadienoic acid (EA, C20:2), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), and these components were higher than those of the mussels cultivated in New Zealand and Italy. The partially purified lipid compounds exhibited an anticancer effect in several cancer cell lines. These results indicate that lipid extract of M. coruscus effectively inhibits in vitro tumor growth by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells.