태안지역 영농기 빗물의 중금속 농도 및 부화특성을 구명하기 위하여 2002년과 2003년 4~10월 사이에 빗물을 채수하여 중금속 분포와 가중평균 변화, 화학성분과의 관계 및 부화정도를 비교 검토하였다. 빗물 중 화학성분 함량은 조사 시기에 따라 함량변이가 심하였고, 강우량 대비 pH의 가중평균 값은 5.0~5.1 수준이었다. 빗물의 중금속 가중평균은 Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > As > Cr > Cd 순이었고, 2002년과 비교하여 2003년에 Cu, Pb, 및 Zn 성분이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 강우중의 주 이온성분(${NH_4}^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ 및 ${NO_3}^-$)은 중금속 중 As, Cd, Zn, Cr 및 Ni 성분함량과 고도의 정의 상관을 보였다. 빗물의 중금속 농도분포를 이해하기 위하여 부화계수(Enrichment factor)를 조사한 결과, 부화계수 평균치가 대체로 Cd > Pb > AS > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cr 순이었고, 주로 자연적 발생 유래원소로 알려진 Fe, Mg 및 Ca 등보다 상대적으로 높은 경향을 보였다. 월별 빗물의 중금속부하계수는 8~9월이 상대적으로 높았고, 중금속의 습식침적은 대체로 강우량의 영향을 받아 강우기인 7~8월에 높은 경향을 보였다.
BACKGROUND: This experiment was conducted to investigate the distribution and burden characteristics of heavy metal in the rainwater sampled at Taean area, in the middle part of Korea, from April 2002 to October 2003. METHODS AND RESULTS: The relationship between concentration of heavy metal and other chemical properties in the rainwaters was also evaluated. Chemical properties in the rainwater were various differences with raining periods and years. It appeared that a weighted average pH values of rainwater was ranged from 5.0 to 5.1. Heavy metal concentrations in the rainwater were ranked as Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > As > Cr > Cd. As compared with heavy metal concentrations of rainwater in 2002, Cu, Pb, and Zn were higher than other elements in 2003. There were positive correlation between major ionic components, such as ${NH_4}^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ and ${NO_3}^-$, and As, Cd, Zn, Cr, and Ni concentrations in rainwater. For heavy metal distribution of rainwater, the order of average enrichment factor was Cd > Pb > As > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cr, and these were relatively higher than the natural components such as Fe, Mg and Ca. The monthly enrichment factor were relatively high, from August to October at Taean. The monthly amount of heavy metal precipitation was high in the rainy season from July to August because of great influence of rainfall. CONCLUSION(s): The results of this study suggest that the heavy metals(Cd, Pb, As, Cu, and Zn) of rainwater is strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources rather than natural sources.
