본 연구에서는 kaempferol 및 그 배당체의 항산화 및 항염증 효능을 평가하기 위해 free radical 소거활성, ROS inhibition assay, TARC 생성 억제 관련 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 kaempferol과 그들의 rhamnosides (${alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin, afzelin, kaempferitrin)의 구조에 따른 생리적 활성의 상관관계를 조사하였다. Kaempferol과 ${alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin은 free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성($FSC_{50}$)에서 각각 62.5, 50.0 ${mu}M$이 측정되었으며 afzelin과 kaempferitrin은 농도와 상관없이 free radical 소거활성을 나타내지 않았다. ROS inhibition assay에서는 시료 농도를 10, 50, 100 ${mu}M$을 처리한 결과 kaempferol은 대조군(100 %)에 비하여 ROS 발현 농도를 각각 97.5, 57.8, 47.8 %로 감소하였으며 ${alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin은 93.1, 59.1, 41.4 %의 감소를 나타내었다. TARC (thymus and activation regualted chemokine) 생성 억제능 실험을 통해 시료의 항염증 효능을 평가한 결과 kaempferol은 10, 50, 100 ${mu}M$ 농도에서 대조군(100 %)에 대비하여 각각 48.8, 5.5, 4.4 %로 농도 의존적으로 TARC 생성을 감소시켰으며, ${alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin은 88.1, 19.0, 1.0 %로 TARC 생성의 감소 효능을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 kaempferol과 그들의 rhamnoside 중 kaempferol과 ${alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin은 항산화, 항염증에 대한 우수한 효능을 나타내는 것으로 사료되며 더 나아가서는 항노화 및 항염증에 효과가 있는 기능성 화장품에 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.
In this study, to evaluate the antioxidative activities and anti-inflammatory effects of kaempferol and its rhamnosides, we performed the free radical scavenging assay, ROS inhibition assay and TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine) assay. Also, we studied physiological activity of kaempferol and its rhamnosides (${alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin, afzelin, kaempferitn) by structure-activity relations. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities were determined with kaempferol (62.5 ${mu}M$) and ${alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin (50.0 ${mu}M$) but afzelin and kaempferitrin did not show free radical scavenging activities. Kaempferol showed a 97.5, 57.8, 47.8 % inhibition of ROS (reactive oxygen species) generated at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ${mu}M$, compared to control (100 %). ${alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin showed a 93.1, 59.1 and 41.4 % inhibition of ROS at the same concentration. We investigated the inhibitory effects of kaempferol and its rhamnosides on TARC expression. Kaempferol showed a 48.8, 5.5 and 4.4 % inhibition of TARC generated at 10, 50 and 100 ${mu}M$, compared to control. ${alpha}$-Rhamnoisorobin showed a 88.1, 19.0 and 1.0 % inhibition of TARC generated at the same concentration. In conclusion, these results indicate that kaempferol and ${alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin have good antioxidative activities and anti-inflammatory effects that could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for anti-aging and anti-inflammation.
