The objective of this study was to determine crop rotation effects on potato yield, soil chemical and microbiological properties from a short-term field experiment from 2010 to 2011 in Jeju Island, Korea. Potato cropping systems included continuous and rotation sequences of soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.), barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Crop rotations increased the yields of potato from 31% to 52% compared with continuous potato. Marketable yield of potato was highest under soybean plus rapeseed rotation by $20.97MT;ha^{-1}$ and lowest under continuous cropping by $11.95MT;ha^{-1}$. The incidence and severity of scab disease was significantly lower in tubers from crop rotation with soybean plus barley. Differences in marketable tuber yields among rotations were associated with potato scab disease. Especially, incidence and severity of potato scab were strongly correlated with soil pH, exchangeable calcium, and bacteria population of the soil. Crop rotations significantly increased soil pH, available phosphate, exchangeable K and Ca, especially in crop rotations with soybean plus barley or rapeseed. Soil microbial biomass C of crop rotations with soybean plus barley or rapeseed, was also significantly higher compared with monoculture. In conclusion, crop rotation may decrease the incidence of soil-born pathogen by increasing soil chemical properties and soil microbial biomass. Overall, potato crop productivity was generally maintained in rotations that contained soybean plus barley or rapeseed but declined under continuous cropping system.