벼 재배시 돈분뇨 퇴 액비 시용 방법을 구명하기 위하여 전북 고창 소재 미사질 양토에서 화학비료 100% 대비 돈분뇨 퇴 액비를 기비와 추비로 분시하여 5개처리구에 벼 품종 동진1호를 사용하여 토양 이화학성 변화, 양분이용률 및 수량 등을 조사하였다. 논 토양중 $NH_4^+$-N함량은 벼 생육초기에는 화학비료 100%구가 퇴 액비 분시구보다 높았으나 생육후기로 갈수록 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 침출수중 $NO_3^-$-N함량은 화학비료 100%구보다 퇴비와 액비 또는 화학비료 분시로 낮아졌다. 시험 후 논토양 중 OM과 Avail. $P_2O_5$ 및 치환성 양이 온 함량은 퇴 액비의 영향으로 퇴비 50%+액비 50%구와 퇴비 30%+액비 70%구에서 높았고 공극율도 높은 경향이었다. 벼 양분 흡수량은 화학비료 100%구와 퇴 액비 분시구간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 질소 이용률은 화학비료 100%구 대비 퇴비 50%+액비 50%구와 퇴비 30%+액비 70%구에서 평균 66%수준에 머물렀다. 쌀 수량은 화학비료 100%시용구 $557kg;10a^{-1}$ 대비 퇴비 50%+액비 50%는 90%로 낮은 수준이나 퇴비 30%+화학비료 70%와 퇴비 30%+액비 70%구는 평균 96%로 화학비료 100%와 유의차가 없었다. 따라서 벼 재배시 가축분뇨 퇴비 30% 시용 후에 액비 또는 화학비료 70%를 분시하면 토양 물리화학성 개선은 물론 화학비료를 절감할 수 있으며, 일시에 전량 액비시용보다는 작물이 필요한 시기에 분시를 함으로서 생산성 향상과 토양 환경오염을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
In order to develop the application method of compost manure (CM) and liquid manure (LM) for rice cultivation, experiments were conducted at silty loam paddy field in Gochang, Jeonbuk, a LM applied rate as N%; non-application, chemical fertilizer (CF) 100%, CM 50%+LM 50%, CM 30%+CF 70% and CM 30%+LM 70% as basal and additional fertilizer. $NH_4^+$-N content in paddy soil was higher with CF 100% application than the split application of compost and liquid pig manure fertilizer during the early stage of rice growth. However, there was no significant difference in the later part of rice growth. Amount of $NO_3^-$-N in leachate was decreased in CM 30%+LM 70% and CM 30%+CF 70% split applications compared to CF 100%. Amounts of OM and Avail $P_2O_5$, Exch. cations in soil of experiment after were highest with the split application of CM 50%+LM 50% and CM 30%+LM 70%. Amount of nutrient uptake of plants were no significant difference between the split application plots of CM and LM, but nitrogen utilization rate was 66% in average CM 50%+LM 50% and CM 30%+LM 70% to compared CF 100%. The rice yield of CM 50%+LM 50% was lower (90%) comparing that of CF 100% ($557kg;10a^{-1}$). But the yield in CM 30%+CF 70% and CM 30%+LM 70% reached 96% in average, which did not show significant difference with that of CF 100%. Accordingly, LM 70% or CF 70% split application after CM 30% application was helpful in enhancing the physicochemical property of soil as well as reducing CF. It could be evaluated that this application in segmentation was better in productivity improvement and soil pollution reduction than the esinultaneous application of LM 100% in terms of split application in times of requirement for plants.
