Purpose: We investigated the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-${alpha}$, PPAR-${gamma}$, adipokines, and cytokines in the lung tissue of lean and obese mice with and without ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, and the effect of rosiglitazone, a PPAR-${gamma}$ agonist. Methods: We developed 6 mice models: OVA-challenged lean mice with and without rosiglitazone; obese mice with and without rosiglitazone; and OVA-challenged obese mice with and without rosiglitazone. We performed real-time polymerase chain reaction for leptin, leptin receptor, adiponectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${alpha}$, transforming growth factor (TGF)-${eta}$, PPAR-${alpha}$ and PPAR-${gamma}$ from the lung tissue and determined the cell counts and cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results: Mice with OVA challenge showed airway hyperresponsiveness. The lung mRNA levels of PPAR${alpha}$ and PPAR-${gamma}$ increased significantly in obese mice with OVA challenge compared to that in other types of mice and decreased after rosiglitazone administeration. Leptin and leptin receptor expression increased in obese mice with and without OVA challenge and decreased following rosiglitazone treatment. Adiponectin mRNA level increased in lean mice with OVA challenge. Lung VEGF, TNF-${alpha}$, and TGF-${eta}$ mRNA levels increased in obese mice with and without OVA challenge compared to that in the control mice. However, rosiglitazone reduced only TGF-${eta}$ expression in obese mice, and even augmented VEGF expression in all types of mice. Rosiglitazone treatment did not reduce airway responsiveness, but increased neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusion: PPAR-${alpha}$ and PPAR-${gamma}$ expressions were upregulated in the lung tissue of OVA-challenged obese mice however, rosiglitazone treatment did not downregulate airway inflammation in these mice.