시판 효모 4가지(Fermivin, FM; Saf-instant yeast red, SI; Angest wine active dry yeast, AW; Angest instant yeast high sugar, AI)를 이용하여 복분자 발효주를 제조하고, 품질 특성을 비교하였다. 환원당 함량은 FM(2.7%)과 AI(2.8%)가 SI(2.4%)와 AW(2.5%)보다 높았으며, 검출된 주요 유리당인 glucose의 함량은 AW와 AI에서 유의적으로 높았다. 알코올 함량은 AW(11.95%)에서 가장 높고, SI(11.75%)에서 가장 낮았다. pH는 FM(pH 3.73)에서 가장 낮았으며, 총 산도는 효모별로 차이가 없었다. 모든 시료에서 검출된 주요 유기산은 citric acid였으며, 효모별로 검출된 유기산 함량은 달랐다. Malic acid의 경우 SI(2.92 mg/mL)에서 가장 많았고 AI(1.83 mg/mL)에서 가장 적었다. L, a, b 값은 SI에서 높고 AI에서 낮았으며, 탁도는 효모에 따라 차이가 없었다. 복분자 발효주의 total phenolics와 total anthocyanin 함량은 효모 별로 차이가 없었으나, 국내에서 판매되는 수입산 레드 와인보다 높았다. 항산화능 역시 효모별로 차이가 없었으나 FM, AI, AW, SI 순으로 높았으며, 항산화능 지표에는 total phenolics와 anthocyanin의 함량뿐만 아니라 anthocyanin 조성도 영향을 미쳤다.
Four different yeasts (Fermivin (FM), Saf-instant yeast red (SI), Angest wine active dry yeast (AW) and Angest instant yeast high sugar (AI)) were used for the fermentation of black raspberry wine. The amount of reducing sugars in FM (2.7%) and AI (2.8%) were higher than those in SI (2.4%) and AW (2.5%). The amount of glucose (the major free sugar) was higher in AW (2.57 mg/mL) and AI (2.50 mg/mL) than FM (2.03 mg/mL) and SI (1.75 mg/mL). AW (11.95%) had the highest alcohol content, while SI (11.75%) had the lowest. The pH of FM (pH 3.73) was the lowest, and there were no significant differences in total acidity among the samples. The major organic acid in the wines was citric acid (6.71~8.18 mg/mL) and the amount of organic acids depended on the type of yeasts. The amount of malic acid was highest in SI (2.92 mg/mL), and lowest in AI (1.83 mg/mL). The Hunter color test showed that SI was highest in lightness, redness and yellowness, whereas AI was lowest. There were no differences in turbidity between the samples. There were no significant differences in total phenolic contents (TPC) and total anthocyanin contents (TAC). However, the TPC and TAC of black raspberry wines were higher than those in commercial red wines. The antioxidant activities of wines (determined by ABTS and FRAP) increased in the order of FM, AI, AW and SI. It could not be concluded which yeast is adequate for the fermentation of black raspberry wine because any of the tested yeasts showed the best in all the quality characteristics of the wines.
