Repeated $SiO_2$ and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column chromatographies of the EtOAc fraction from Magnolia obovata fruits, 10 neolignans, named magnolol (1), honokiol (2), isoobovatol (3), isomagnolol (4), obovatol (5), obovatal (6), 9-methoxyobovatol (7), magnobovatol (8), obovaaldehyde (9), and 2-hydroxyobovaaldehyde (10) were isolated and identified. All isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against seven human cancer cell lines.