The purpose of this study was to perform an actual proof analysis on the structural effects of recognition of radiation risks on management and benefits. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires targeting students having majors related to radiation from 1 April to 31 May in 2013 of one four-year-course university located in Chungbuk, Korea. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that as recognition of radiation risks is higher, recognition of radiation management is higher, which has a significant effect on benefits. It was indicated that although recognition of radiation risks does not directly influence radiation benefits, positive recognition on radiation benefits could increase through the parameter, radiation management. In order to improve smooth use of radiation and increase benefits, education that emphasizes the need of proper radiation management should be performed.