A study was carried out on 16 indigenous ewes in Bangladesh in order to assess the reproductive physiology, the pattern of vaginal cell exfoliation and progesterone profiles during the estrous cycle period. The mean estrous cycle length and duration of estrus were $15.8{pm}0.12$ days and $31.1{pm}0.57$ h respectively. The exfoliated epithelial cells were categorized into parabasal, intermediate, superficial and keratinized and their relative occurrences. The percentages of parabasal, intermediate and superficial cell type during proestrus were similar. The percentage of superficial cell type during estrus was 61.7%, which was significantly (p<0.01) differ from other types of cells and stages of estrus cycle. Metoestrus was predominant with neutrophils in addition with other cell types. Dioestrus was dominated by neutrophils. On days 0 to 5 of the cycle the progesterone concentration was 0.09 to $1.6{pm}0.07ng/ml$. The length of diestrus was 5~10 days with a range of mean progesterone level of $1.6{pm}0.07$ to $2.8{pm}0.11ng/ml$. Progesterone levels increased significantly (p<0.01) after Day 5 and maximum level was $2.8{pm}0.11ng/ml$ observed on Day 10 of the estrous cycle. Thereafter it dropped rapidly to basal level of $0.11{pm}0.04ng/ml$ on Day 0 (p<0.01). These results indicate that the pattern of exfoliation of vaginal cells along with progesterone concentration could be used to determine the reproductive stages of indigenous ewe.