44 compounds and 9 minerals were isolated from and detected in the New Zealand deer velvet antler Cervus elaphus var. scoticus L$ddot{o}$nnberg. The chemical structures of (1 - 26) were identified on the basis of the spectroscopic methods and comparisons with literature, respectively. The structures were identified as cholesterol (CS, 6), 7-keto-CS (7), $7{eta}$-hydroxy-CS (8), and $7{alpha}$-hydroxy-CS (9), and included 12 steroid $3{eta}$-O-(palmitic/stearic/myristic acid esters; PM/SA/MS) [CS-$3{eta}$-O-PM (1 - 1), CS-$3{eta}$-O-SA (1 - 2), CS-$3{eta}$-O-MR (1 - 3), 7-keto-CS-$3{eta}$-O-PM (2 - 1), 7-keto-CS-$3{eta}$-O-SA (2 - 2), 7-keto-CS-$3{eta}$-O-MR (2 - 3), $7{eta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{eta}$-O-SA (3 -1), $7{eta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{eta}$-O-PM (3 - 2), $7{eta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{eta}$-O-MR (3 - 3), $7{alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{eta}$-O-SA (4 - 1), $7{alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{eta}$-O-PM (4 - 2), and $7{alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{eta}$-O-MR (4 - 3)], dinonyl phthalate (5), 8 nucleic acids analogues [uracil (10), deoxyguanosine (11), deoxyuridine (12), uridine (13), deoxyadenosine (14), adenosine (15), inosine (16), and guanosine (17)], and the 9 free amino acids [L-phenylalanine (18), L-isoleucine (19), L-leucine (20), L-tyrosine (21), L-valine (22), L-proline (23), L-threonine (24), L-alanine (25), and L-hydroxyproline (26)]. Also, there are 8 kinds of amino acids [asparagine, serine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, arginine, methionine, and lysine], 2 sialic acids [N-acetylneuraminic acid (27), ketodeoxynonulosonic acid (28)], and 9 minerals [Na > K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > B > Al > Cu] were detected from the autoaminoacid analyzer and ICP spectrometer, HPAEC-PAD/HPLC-FLD, respectively. 9 kinds of oxycholesterol-$3{eta}$-O-fatty acid ester (2 - 1, 2 - 2, 2 - 3, 3 - 1, 3 - 2, 3 - 3, 4 - 1, 4 - 2, and 4 - 3) and 3 nucleic acids (12, 14, and 15) were isolated from the velvet antler for the first time. 6 kinds of steroids (7, 8, 9, 2 - 1, 3 - 1, and 4 - 1) were examined for their anti-proliferative effects against L1210, P388D1, K562, MEG-01, KG-1, MOLT-4, A549, HepG2, MCF-7, SK-OV-3, and SW-620 cancer cell lines. They showed anti-proliferative effects with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.06, 2.16, 2.42, > 50.0, 1.66 and $8.31{mu}M$ against L1210, while the values were 24.05, 9.44, 5.22, 0.25. 9.48 and $49.77{mu}M$ against P388D1, respectively. The others were inactive.