Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasingly being recognized as a metabolic disease in recent studies. The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its association with RCC among urologic patients. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 355 participants (117 adult RCC patients and 238 age matched controls) divided into groups, with and without MetS diagnosed using the criteria of the American Heart Association/The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Groups were compared statistically and logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of MetS criteria on RCC risk. Results: Of the 117 RCC patients, 52 (44.4%) and of the 238 controls, 37 (15.5%) had MetS. A significant association (p<0.001) was found between the presence of MetS and RCC (OR: 4.35; 95% CI=2.62-7.21). As the number of MetS components accumulated from 3 to 5, RCC risk increased likewise from 4 to 6 times. Conclusions: MetS is more prevalent in RCC patients in Turkey compared to controls. Risk increases with the number of coexisting MetS components.