The purpose of this study is to examine the empathetic characteristics of visually
impaired adults through analyzing the cognitive, emotional and expressive empathetic
level of visually impaired adults depending on the background variable. To this end,
the purpose of the study was first explained and cooperation was requested. After
then, the questionnaire was sent out. A total of 119 visually impaired adults were
screened wirelessly and they were asked to fill up the questionnaire. The
characteristic variables of study subjects included the period during which they
attended the school for visual impairment, the severity of visual impairment, the
occupation, etc. This study selected those adults who did not have more than one
duplicate disability in addition to visual impairment.
As for the data collected in this study, IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was utilized. To
examine the cognitive, emotional and expressive empathetic level of visually impaired
adults, t-test and One-way ANOVA were calculated. Also, Pearson correlation was
conducted in order to determine the correlation between the cognitive, emotional and
expressive empathetic factors of visually impaired adults.
The results as to this study are as follows.
First, Those visually impaired adults with total blindness, who relied on auditory
and tactile senses, had a high level of emotional and expressive empathy, whereas the visually impaired adults with low visual acuity, who relied on the remaining visual
acuity, had a high level of cognitive empathy. As a result of examining the analysis
outcome of cognitive, emotional and expressive empathetic level for each background
variable of visually impaired adults, those visually impaired adults who had attended
the school for visually impairment for more than 6 years had a higher level of
emotional and expressive empathy than the visually impaired adults who had attended
the school for visual impairment for less than 6 years. From the examination of
emphatic level in accordance with occupation, the teachers were found to have the
highest cognitive empathetic level, whereas social workers were found to have the
highest level of emotional and expressive empathy.
Second, as a result of analyzing the relationship between the empathetic factors of
visually impaired adults, a correlation was found between the emotional empathy total
score and expressive empathy total score. On the other hand, no correlation was
found between taking viewpoint, which are the sub-domains of cognitive empathy and
emotional empathy total score, imagining which are the sub-domains of cognitive
empathy and the empathy total score, the cognitive empathy total score and emotional
empathy total score. These findings mean that an expressive emphatic level will not
be high even when embracing the viewpoint of other people. On that account, it is
necessary to understand the characteristics for each empathetic factor in order to
understand the empathetic characteristics of visually impaired adults. It is believed
that the results of this study can be utilized as preliminary data for developing and
applying an empathy program for visually impaired adults.