Purpose: This study was done to provide ways to prevent cognitive deterioration by identifying the risk factors for cognitive impairment. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from elders using Senior Centers. Participants were 210 people, 105 with suspicious dementia and 105 with normal cognitive function. Measures were MMSE-DS, ADL, IADL, social relationships and SGDS-K. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, x2-test, t-test and logistic regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: In logistic regression analysis, the probability of having suspicious dementia was 2.6 times (95% CI 1.02~6.76) higher for elderly women than elderly men. Elders age 80 or over had 2.6 times (95% CI 1.26~5.38) more chance of exposure to suspicious dementia than elders age of 65~79. Also, non-educated elders had 4.2 times (95% CI 2.05~8.62) more probability than elders with elementary school graduation or above, elders and older persons with mild depression had 3.1 times (95% CI 1.09~8.62) more probability of suspicious dementia than elders with major depression. Conclusion: To maintain and promote the cognitive function of older people, it is necessary to consider these cognitive impairment risk factors and develop nursing intervention programs to prevent cognitive deterioration.