In human history, the beginning of agriculture has brought a revolution in the cultural
development by growing crops and domesticating livestock getting out of hunting and gathering.
It is certain that agriculture played a major role in history before society was industrialised as the
foundation of survival of the human race. Its natural as well as cultural heritage has kept evolving
and developing until now. Agricultural heritage means remarkable land use system and landscapes
which maintain biodiversity evolving from the co-adaptation of a local community with its
environment and aspirations for sustainable development. It is related to the history and culture
of humanity, including country houses, orchards, mills, terraces, crops, irrigation channels, wells,
farmyards, traditional festivities, gastronomy, indigenous species, landscapes and etc. Based on a
peculiar farming style of the place a museum is located, most museums of such agricultural
heritage present the traditional rural living culture which continues till lately. Such a wide range
of tangible and intangible agricultural heritage as unused buildings of abandoned barns and mills,
farming tools from sickles and scythes to tractors, local specialties and food is deeply rooted in
our daily lives, which is presented in various types of museums. In this sense, a direction of
agricultural museums is viewed through various attempts by the Biwako Museum and MieMu
which present co-existence of people and nature through forestry and fishery as well as agriculture,
the Food and Agriculture Museum and Tsukuba Agriculture Research Hall which suggest
future-oriented agricultural technology, biodiversity and conservation of ecosystem for sustainable
development.