The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the temperament of child, maternal parenting behavior, social support on social support. The data was collected from 802 children living in Kwangju. For statistical analysis, Cronbach's α and hierarchical regression analysis were used. The results were summarized as follows: the gender and sub-factors of each child's temperament, maternal parenting behavior, and social support revealed significant difference between internalizing behavior problems and externalizing behavior problems. The hierarchical regression analysis, conducted to find out the relative impact of gender on internalizing behavior problems and externalizing behavior problems, revealed that the sub-factors of the child's temperament, maternal parenting behavior, and family and friend's social support were identified as the most important variables and predictors of internalizing behavior problems and externalizing behavior problems. These results indicated that temperament was the most significant variable to predict the child's temperament. It was also found that internalizing behavior problems and externalizing behavior problems have impact according to the child's temperament, friends’ support, maternal parenting behavior (authoritarian rearing attitude), and the child's temperament (mood).