By analyzing two United States Supreme Court cases of Takao
Ozawa v. United States (1922) and United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
(1923), this paper highlights the power of whiteness in making of the
subject of Asian Americans. Takao Ozawa and Bhagat Singh Thind
sought American citizenship by trying to prove that they were white.
It suggests that both of them thoroughly internalized the value of
whiteness. Unlike Ozawa and Thind, however, Easurk Emsen Charr
oscillated between the assimilated immigrants and the permanent
foreigners. By examining Charr’s autobiography The Golden Mountain:
The Autobiography of a Korean Immigrant, 1895-1960, this paper
emphasizes the intractability of Asian Americans, which is irreducible
to whiteness, in order to identify the emergence of their subalternity
within dominant discourse.