The purpose of this study was to diagnose and redesign Korean educational policy and system after its liberation. Based upon prior literature, it examined bright and dark aspects of Korean educational development, diagnosis & solutions of Korean educational problems. Specifically, it analyzed major characteristics of Korean educational policies and systems in terms of governmental policies, educational goals, educational system, & policy process, school system. The findings of the study were as follows: First, it proposed re-conceptualization of educational ideal which underlies the foundation of educational policies. Second, it proposed the strengthening of character education, self-autonomous life skills, democratic citizenship, ecological education etc. as educational ideals and goals for sustainable society. Third, it proposed healthy educational policy ecology, learning network of schools, collaboration of schools at different levels, collaborative governance among central governmental departments, and among central government, local government, teachers' associations etc. Fourth, it also proposed improvement of competitive educational climate, integration of early education and nursery education systems, providing education service for student outside of formal school system, etc.